Retracted and withdrawn papers on peptides
92 notices across 38 compounds, taken from the publishers' own notices in the indexed records. Where a paper and its retraction notice are both indexed, they appear once.
Clomiphene (21)
- Expression of concern·Expression of Concern: Metformin in the treatment of clomiphene citrate-resistant women with polycystic ovary syndrome undergoing in vitro fertilisation treatment: A randomised controlled trial.(2026)
- Retracted·Retraction Notice: Rosiglitazone as Treatment for Clomiphene Citrate-Resistant Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Factors Associated with Clinical Response.(2026)
- Expression of concern·Expression of Concern: Supplementation of clomiphene citrate cycles with Cimicifuga racemosa or ethinyl oestradiol - a randomized trial. [Reproductive BioMedicine Online, 2009, Vol 19. No 4. p501-507].(2026)
- Retracted·Retraction notice to "Long-term use of clomiphene citrate in induction of ovulation in PCO patients with clomiphene citrate resistance" [J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 46/7 (2017) 575-577].(2026)
- Retracted·Retraction Note: Letrozole versus clomiphene citrate for superovulation in Egyptian women with unexplained infertility: a randomized controlled trial.(2026)
- Retracted·Retraction Note To: High Dose of Phytoestrogens Can Reverse the Antiestrogenic Effects of Clomiphene Citrate on the Endometrium in Patients Undergoing Intrauterine Insemination: A Randomized Trial.(2026)
- Retracted·Statement of Retraction: The adjuvant effect of metformin and N-acetylcysteine to clomiphene citrate in induction of ovulation in patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.(2025)
- Expression of concern·[Expression of Concern] Randomized controlled trial comparing letrozole with laparoscopic ovarian drilling in women with clomiphene citrate-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome.(2025)
- Retracted·Retraction notice to .ÇÿEffect of N-acetyl-cysteine after ovarian drilling in clomiphene citrate-resistant PCOS women: a pilot study.ÇÖ.(2025)
- Retracted·Retraction notice to "Use of ethinyl estradiol to reverse the antiestrogenic effects of clomiphene citrate in patients undergoing intrauterine insemination: a comparative, randomized study" (Fertil Steril 2020;73: 85-89).(2025)
- Expression of concern·EXPRESSION OF CONCERN: Combined Metformin and Clomiphene Citrate Versus Laparoscopic Ovarian Diathermy for Ovulation Induction in Clomiphene-Resistant Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized Controlled Trial.(2025)
- Expression of concern·Expression of concern: "The effectiveness of clomiphene citrate in LH surge suppression in women undergoing IUI: a randomized controlled trial" (Fertil Steril 2010;94:2167-71).(2024)
- Retracted·Statement of Retraction: Clomiphene citrate combined with metformin versus letrozole for induction of ovulation in clomiphene-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome: a randomized clinical trial.(2024)
- Expression of concern·Expression of concern: Intrauterine insemination vs timed intercourse with clomiphene citrate in polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized controlled trial.(2024)
- Retracted·Retraction Note: Luteal phase clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction in women with polycystic ovary syndrome.(2023)
- Retracted·Retraction notice to "Combined coenzyme Q10 and clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction in clomiphene-citrate-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome" RBMO 29/1 (2014) 119-124.(2023)
- Retracted·Retraction notice to "Clomiphene citrate plus N-acetyl cysteine versus clomiphene citrate for augmenting ovulation in the management of unexplained infertility: a randomized double-blind controlled trial".(2023)
- Retracted·Retraction Note: Sequential clomiphene citrate/hMG versus hMG for ovulation induction in clomiphene citrate-resistant women.(2022)
- Expression of concern·The efficacy of vitamin D combined with clomiphene citrate in ovulation induction in overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a double blind, randomized clinical trial.(2020)
- Retracted·Long-term use of clomiphene citrate in induction of ovulation in PCO patients with clomiphene citrate resistance.(2017)
- Retracted·Combined coenzyme Q10 and clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction in clomiphene-citrate-resistant polycystic ovary syndrome.(2014)
Cerebrolysin (8)
- Retracted·Retraction: Regional Comparison of the Neurogenic Effects of CNTF-Derived Peptides and Cerebrolysin in AβPP Transgenic Mice.(2026)
- Retracted·Retraction Note: Neurotrophic effects of Cerebrolysin in the Mecp2308/Y transgenic model of Rett syndrome.(2026)
- Expression of concern·Editorial Expression of Concern: Neurofibrillary and neurodegenerative pathology in APP-transgenic mice injected with AAV2-mutant TAU: neuroprotective effects of Cerebrolysin.(2026)
- Retracted·Retraction Note: Cerebrolysin™ efficacy in a transgenic model of tauopathy: role in regulation of mitochondrial structure.(2025)
- Retracted·Cerebrolysin Attenuates Exacerbation of Neuropathic Pain, Blood-spinal Cord Barrier Breakdown and Cord Pathology Following Chronic Intoxication of Engineered Ag, Cu or Al (50-60 nm) Nanoparticles.(2023)
- Retracted·Co-Administration of TiO2 Nanowired Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Cerebrolysin Potentiates Neprilysin Level and Reduces Brain Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease.(2018)
- Retracted·Timed Release of Cerebrolysin Using Drug-Loaded Titanate Nanospheres Reduces Brain Pathology and Improves Behavioral Functions in Parkinson's Disease.(2018)
- Retracted·Neuroprotective effects of Cerebrolysin in triple repeat Tau transgenic model of Pick's disease and fronto-temporal tauopathies.(2015)
GW501516 (Cardarine) (6)
- Retracted·PPARδ binding to heme oxygenase 1 promoter prevents angiotensin II-induced adipocyte dysfunction in Goldblatt hypertensive rats.(2013)
- Retracted·Regulation of Wnt/beta-catenin pathway by cPLA2alpha and PPARdelta.(2008)
- Retracted·Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta induces lung cancer growth via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coactivator gamma-1alpha.(2008)
- Retracted·PPARbeta/delta agonist stimulates human lung carcinoma cell growth through inhibition of PTEN expression: the involvement of PI3K and NF-kappaB signals.(2008)
- Retracted·Retracted: A novel positive feedback loop between peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta and prostaglandin E2 signaling pathways for human cholangiocarcinoma cell growth.(2006)
- Retracted·Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta (PPARbeta/delta) increases the expression of prostaglandin E2 receptor subtype EP4. The roles of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta.(2005)
HMG (Menotropin) (4)
- Retracted·TJZYF Improves Endometrial Receptivity through Regulating VEGF and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway.(2022)
- Retracted·Efficacy of Letrozole Combined with Urinary Gonadotropin for Ovulation Induction in Endocrine Abnormal Infertility Patients: A Retrospective Single-Center, Case-Control Study.(2022)
- Withdrawn·WITHDRAWN: Human menopausal gonadotropin versus recombinant follicle stimulation hormone for ovarian stimulation in assisted reproductive cycles.(2011)
- Withdrawn·WITHDRAWN: Follicle-stimulating hormone and human menopausal gonadotropin for ovarian stimulation in assisted reproduction cycles.(1996)
L-Carnitine (Levocarnitine) (4)
- Retracted·RETRACTED: Uner et al. Assessing the In Vitro and In Vivo Performance of L-Carnitine-Loaded Nanoparticles in Combating Obesity. Molecules 2023, 28, 7115.(2026)
- Expression of concern·EXPRESSION OF CONCERN: Hypoxia-Induced Deactivation of NGF-Mediated ERK1/2 Signaling in Hippocampal Cells: Neuroprotection by Acetyl-L-Carnitine.(2026)
- Expression of concern·EXPRESSION OF CONCERN: Acetyl-L-Carnitine-Mediated Neuroprotection During Hypoxia Is Attributed to ERK1/2-Nrf2-Regulated Mitochondrial Biosynthesis.(2025)
- Retracted·Retraction of "Acetyl-l-carnitine increases artemin level and prevents neurotrophic factor alterations during neuropathy" [Neuroscience 167(4) (2010) 1168-1174].(2024)
SR9009 (Stenabolic) (4)
- Retracted·Retraction notice to "SR9009 attenuates inflammation-related NPMSC pyroptosis and IVDD through NR1D1/NLRP3/IL-1β pathway" [iScience 27 (2024) 109733].(2026)
- Retracted·SR9009 attenuates inflammation-related NPMSC pyroptosis and IVDD through NR1D1/NLRP3/IL-1β pathway.(2024)
- Retracted·Melatonin modulates dysregulated circadian clocks in mice with diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatocellular carcinoma.(2018)
- Retracted·Melatonin Attenuates Dysregulation of the Circadian Clock Pathway in Mice With CCl4-Induced Fibrosis and Human Hepatic Stellate Cells.(2018)
GDF-11 (3)
- Retracted·GDF11 enhances therapeutic functions of mesenchymal stem cells for angiogenesis.(2021)
- Retracted·In Silico Characterization of Growth Differentiation Factors as Inhibitors of TNF-Alpha and IL-6 in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Disease Rheumatoid Arthritis.(2021)
- Retracted·Overexpression of circRNA circUCK2 Attenuates Cell Apoptosis in Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via miR-125b-5p/GDF11 Signaling.(2020)
Anamorelin (2)
Cabergoline (2)
- Retracted·RETRACTION: Randomized Trial of Combined Cabergoline And Coasting in Preventing Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome During in Vitro Fertilization/intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection Cycles.(2026)
- Expression of concern·Does cabergoline help in decreasing endometrioma size compared to LHRH agonist? A prospective randomized study.(2014)
Cetrorelix (Cetrotide) (2)
- Expression of concern·Laparoscopic ovarian drilling versus GnRH antagonist combined with cabergoline as a prophylaxis against the re-development of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.(2018)
- Retracted·Does dehydroepiandrosterone improve pregnancy rate in women undergoing IVF/ICSI with expected poor ovarian response according to the Bologna criteria? A randomized controlled trial.(2016)
Dihexa (2)
Dulaglutide (Trulicity) (2)
- Retracted·A feasibility study of the combination of intranasal insulin with dulaglutide for cognition in older adults with metabolic syndrome at high dementia risk - Study rationale and design.(2023)
- Retracted·Dulaglutide mitigates high dietary fructose-induced renal fibrosis in rats through suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition mediated by GSK-3β/TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathways.(2022)
Exenatide (Byetta / Bydureon) (2)
- Expression of concern·Exenatide once a week versus placebo as a potential disease-modifying treatment for people with Parkinson's disease in the UK: a phase 3, multicentre, double-blind, parallel-group, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.(2025)
- Retracted·RETRACTED: Chung et al. Long-Lasting Exendin-4-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles Ameliorate Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Damage in Diabetic Rats. J. Pers. Med. 2022, 12, 390.(2024)
Lixisenatide (Adlyxin) (2)
Noopept (Omberacetam) (2)
- Retracted·Retraction notice to "Noopept; a nootropic dipeptide, modulates persistent inflammation by effecting spinal microglia dependent Brain Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) and pro-BDNF expression throughout apoptotic process" [Heliyon (2021) e06219].(2021)
- Retracted·Noopept; a nootropic dipeptide, modulates persistent inflammation by effecting spinal microglia dependent Brain Derived Neurotropic Factor (BDNF) and pro-BDNF expression throughout apoptotic process.(2021)
PT-141 (Bremelanotide) (2)
- Expression of concern·Salvage of sildenafil failures with bremelanotide: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study.(2008)
- Retracted·RETRACTED: Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of bremelanotide, a melanocortin receptor agonist, in female subjects with arousal disorder: a double-blind placebo-controlled, fixed dose, randomized study.(2007)
Spexin (2)
Urolithin A (2)
- Retracted·RETRACTED: Kshirsagar et al. A Combination Therapy of Urolithin A+EGCG Has Stronger Protective Effects than Single Drug Urolithin A in a Humanized Amyloid Beta Knockin Mice for Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. Cells 2022, 11, 2660.(2026)
- Retracted·RETRACTED: A Combination Therapy of Urolithin A+EGCG Has Stronger Protective Effects than Single Drug Urolithin A in a Humanized Amyloid Beta Knockin Mice for Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease.(2022)
Ac-SDKP (TB-500 Fragment 1-4) (1)
Adropin (1)
BPC-157 (1)
Follistatin (FST-344) (1)
- Expression of concern·Axon guidance cue SLIT2 regulates the murine skeletal stem cell niche through sympathetic innervation.(2025)
HGH (Somatropin) (1)
Humanin (1)
Letrozole (1)
Liraglutide (1)
Methylene Blue (1)
MGF (Mechano Growth Factor) (1)
MOTS-c (1)
Oligopeptide-1 (EGF) (1)
Orexin A (1)
Pramlintide (1)
SS-31 (Elamipretide) (1)
Tamoxifen (1)
- Expression of concern·Editorial Expression of Concern: Tamoxifen citrate for women with unexplained infertility.(2023)
Tesofensine (1)
Thymulin (1)
Toremifene (1)
- Expression of concern·Nano-Targeted Delivery of Toremifene, an Estrogen Receptor-α Blocker in Prostate Cancer.(2015)