Brenipatide (LY3537031)_Dosage, benefits & legal status
Also known as LY3537031, LY-3537031
A GLP-1 drug being developed for addiction and depression, not obesity.
Common vial size is what vendors typically sell, not a recommendation. Enter your own vial in the calculator.
What is Brenipatide (LY3537031)?
Plain language first. The technical label stays, but it never stands alone.Overview
This is the most interesting drug in this batch and the one most likely to be misunderstood. It works on the same two receptors as Mounjaro, and Eli Lilly is not developing it for weight loss. The four large late-stage trials are in alcohol use disorder and major depression. If you have read that GLP-1 drugs seem to reduce drinking, this is the company actually testing that properly, at scale, with a purpose-built molecule. Two cautions. There is no efficacy result for it in any condition yet, and the trials do not finish until 2028. It also appears in chemical catalogs, and that is not the same as being available: the listings are analytical reference standards sold to laboratories, not vials sold to consumers.
Brenipatide is a lipidated peptide agonist at both the GIP and GLP-1 receptors, chemically distinct from tirzepatide. No peer-reviewed sequence has been published. Its development program is unusual: four phase 3 trials are recruiting, two in moderate-to-severe alcohol use disorder and two in major depressive disorder, with roughly 4,200 participants planned in total and completion dates in 2028. It went straight from phase 1 to phase 3 in both indications. Eight further phase 2 programs span asthma, bipolar disorder, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, irritable bowel syndrome, opioid use disorder, schizophrenia and tobacco use disorder. Obesity appears nowhere above phase 1. A phase 1 safety dataset exists with over 200 participants dosed and a reported half-life of 9 to 12.5 days.
What it's used for
Nothing yet. It has no approval anywhere. It is in phase 3 trials for alcohol use disorder and major depressive disorder, and in phase 2 for several other conditions.
How does Brenipatide (LY3537031) work?
What it does in the body, and where.The receptors are familiar. The reason Lilly is pointing them at addiction and depression is not, and it is worth following.
- 01The same two receptors as tirzepatide, a different moleculeBrenipatide activates the GIP receptor and the GLP-1 receptor, the same pair tirzepatide hits. It is a different peptide, lipidated for persistence, and no peer-reviewed sequence for it has been published. The only sequence in circulation comes from a reagent supplier datasheet, so this site does not print one.
- 02Why anyone would test a GLP-1 drug on drinkingGLP-1 receptors are present in brain regions that handle reward and motivation, not only in the gut and pancreas. Observational reports and small studies in people taking semaglutide or tirzepatide for weight have repeatedly described reduced alcohol intake as a side effect. That is a hypothesis, not a result, and this program is the attempt to test it properly rather than infer it from people who were taking the drugs for something else.
- 03What the trials actually askThe two alcohol trials measure change in drinking patterns over 56 weeks against placebo. The two depression trials are different in an important way: the drug is added on top of existing treatment and the primary outcome is time to relapse, so the question is whether it keeps people well rather than whether it lifts mood. Each of the four plans about a thousand participants or more.
- 04Going straight to phase 3, and what that impliesThere was no phase 2 in either indication. A company skips phase 2 when it is confident about dose from earlier work and wants to move fast, and it is a sizable bet: roughly 4,200 participants committed without an intermediate efficacy read. The consequence for a reader is that there is no partial answer to look at. The first efficacy data for this molecule in any condition will arrive around 2028.
- 05What is known about safety, and from whereA phase 1 program dosed over 200 people. Reported through a conference poster: a half-life of 9 to 12.5 days, discontinuation for adverse events of 2.2 percent, gastrointestinal events in 25 percent on drug and 25 percent on placebo, and dysesthesia in 15.2 percent against none on placebo. The gastrointestinal result is the interesting one, since it did not separate from placebo at all.
What else is it used for?
Each group carries its own evidence level.Approved means regulators have cleared it for that purpose. Investigational means it is in trials. Early research means it is being studied and is not established.
Four phase 3 trials, none in obesity
Investigational- Human trialTwo phase 3 trials in moderate-to-severe alcohol use disorder, about 1,100 participants each, primary outcome change in drinking patterns by Timeline Followback over 56 weeks, completing 2028.
- Human trialTwo phase 3 trials in major depressive disorder, about 1,000 participants each, added to standard of care, with time to relapse as the primary outcome rather than symptom change.
- No dataIt skipped phase 2 entirely in both alcohol use disorder and depression, moving from phase 1 straight into phase 3.
- No dataObesity does not appear among its phase 2 or phase 3 programs.
What human data exists, and what does not
Early research- human-earlyA phase 1 program dosed over 200 participants. Reported half-life 9 to 12.5 days, discontinuation for adverse events 2.2 percent, gastrointestinal events 25 percent on drug against 25 percent on placebo, dysesthesia 15.2 percent against none on placebo.
- No dataThere is no efficacy result for this molecule in any indication, anywhere. The first is expected around 2028.
- No dataThe phase 1 figures come from a conference poster reported in a trade publication, not from a peer-reviewed paper.
Catalog listings are not a consumer market
none- No dataListings exist at analytical reagent suppliers, priced as reference standards at hundreds of dollars for milligram quantities.
- No dataA consumer-facing research-peptide shop that published an article about brenipatide was found not to sell it. This compound has not reached the vendors selling retatrutide or tirzepatide.
The thing to get right is what this drug is for. It acts on the same receptors as Mounjaro, and it is not being developed for weight loss: its four phase 3 trials are in alcohol use disorder and major depression, and obesity is not among its phase 2 or phase 3 programs. Second, there is no efficacy evidence for it in any condition. Reports that it reduces drinking describe a hypothesis drawn from people taking other GLP-1 drugs for other reasons, and this program exists precisely because that has not been tested properly. Third, the depression trials ask about time to relapse while added to existing treatment, not whether the drug improves mood on its own, so a future headline about depression will need reading carefully. Fourth, the catalog listings are analytical reference standards for laboratories. Describing the compound as available on the gray market is not supported: the consumer peptide vendors do not stock it. Last, no sequence has been published, so any sequence presented as this molecule's traces to a reagent datasheet rather than to Lilly.
The published record
Papers and trials about Brenipatide (LY3537031)
Searched: brenipatide, LY3537031, LY-3537031, RENEW-ALC, RENEW-MDD.
Left out: GLP-1 (an enormous class literature whose exemplars all have their own slugs); GIP (a class term; tirzepatide and macupatide both have their own slugs); tirzepatide (has its own slug and a very large literature); alcohol use disorder (a large psychiatry literature in which this molecule is currently a footnote); semaglutide alcohol (the observational GLP-1 and drinking literature, which is the hypothesis this program tests rather than evidence about this molecule).
13 papers tagged human · 0 not reviews or lab · 0 clinical trial publications
13 registered trials · none with posted results
Furthest stage reached: Phase 3, under way
Counted from Europe PMC indexing, not read by a person; a human tag can land on reviews, commentary or lab papers; clinical trial publications is the narrower count.
At a glance
Four things to know about Brenipatide (LY3537031)
Evidence
Investigational
Category
Brain, mood and sleep
Common vial
Varies
Half-life
9 to 12.5 days, from a conference poster
How much, and do you cycle it?
The range, and whether you take breaks.No established dose, not established. Not applicable No range
No approved product and no published dose regimen, so no cycling scheme exists.
How long does it stay in the body?
The half-life, and where the figure comes from.9 to 12.5 days, from a conference posterNo figure
Reported as 9.08 to 12.5 days in a phase 1 program of over 200 participants, presented at a conference and relayed by a trade publication rather than published in a peer-reviewed paper. No hours are plotted here because the figure is second-hand within a conference abstract. A half-life of this length is consistent with the weekly or less frequent dosing a phase 3 program would need.
You can compare this against the whole library to see where it sits.
How do I dose and price it?
Enter your vial and your dose. Pick a mix. We show the draw and the cost.The vial holds a fixed amount of drug. Adding more water does not make more drug, it just spreads it thinner, so you draw a bigger number on the syringe for the same dose.
Choose your mix
Measuring the water1 mL = one full 100-unit syringe.
How do you store it?
Before mixing, and after.Nothing to store: it is not sold anywhere.
Brenipatide (LY3537031) has never been marketed, so there is no vial, pen or bottle to keep at home. Supplies for a trial are made, stored and dispensed by the sponsor and the trial pharmacy under conditions set in the protocol. Anything offered for sale under this name did not come from that supply chain.
What are the side effects and cautions?
Known cautions and warnings for this compound.Who should avoid it
- Any use at all: there is no approved product, no established dose, and no efficacy result in any indication
- Buying anything sold under this name: the catalog listings are analytical reference standards for laboratory use, not a supply chain for human use
- Assuming the GLP-1 weight-loss evidence transfers: obesity is not among its phase 3 or phase 2 programs
Stop and get help
- Not applicable. There is no approved product.
Common effects
- Nothing established. The only human data is a phase 1 safety dataset reported in a conference poster.
Where this page says nothing is established, that means nobody has studied it, not that a compound is safe.
Is Brenipatide (LY3537031) approved?
And where the numbers on this page come from.No. Brenipatide (LY3537031) is not approved anywhere and is currently in company-run clinical trials. There is no legal route to obtain it outside a trial.
- Approval statusInvestigational
- RouteUnder the skin (subcutaneous)
- Checked30 October 2026
- DoseNo dose has been established in people.
- Vial sizeFrom what vendors typically list; not a recommendation.
- Sources
What has happened recently
Not approved anywhere, and the development program is the story. Four phase 3 trials are recruiting, all sponsored by Eli Lilly and all with completion estimated in 2028: two in alcohol use disorder and two in major depressive disorder. The alcohol trials use change in drinking patterns measured by the Timeline Followback method as the primary outcome. The depression trials are adjunctive to standard of care and use time to relapse rather than a symptom score as the primary outcome, a notably different question from whether a drug improves mood. The molecule skipped phase 2 entirely in both indications, going from phase 1 into phase 3. On supply, a distinction matters: listings for this compound exist at analytical reagent suppliers and are priced as reference standards, in the hundreds of dollars for milligram quantities. A consumer-facing research-peptide shop that published an article about brenipatide was found not to sell it. So this has not reached the vendors that sell retatrutide or tirzepatide, and describing it as gray-market available would be wrong today.
You can compare this against the whole library, or read how to check a seller.
What else is like Brenipatide (LY3537031)?
Others in Brain, mood and sleep, side by side.If you're weighing Brenipatide (LY3537031), it's worth reading Neuropeptide Y, P7C3, and Substance P in the same class.
A GLP-1 drug being developed for addiction and depression, not obesity.
- Dose
- No established dose
- How often
- Not established
A hunger signal that refused to become a diet drug.
- Dose
- No established dose
- How often
- Not applicable
A neuroprotective molecule from a mouse screen. Never given to a person.
- Dose
- Research only
- How often
- No established pattern
Approved medicine blocks it. One paper suggests putting it on your face.
- Dose
- No established dose
- How often
- Not applicable
Guides for this compound
- How to Reconstitute a Peptide
Mix peptide powder with bacteriostatic water, step by step.
- How to Read an Insulin Syringe
Read the units, convert to millilitres, and draw the exact dose.
- mcg vs mg: The Peptide Dosing Mistake to Avoid
Your vial says mg and your protocol says mcg. Here is the conversion and how to check it.
- How to Read a Peptide COA
What the purity number does and does not tell you, and how to spot an edited report.
- How to Vet a Peptide Vendor
Independent COAs, HPLC purity, and the red flags that mean walk away.
Sources
- Trial registry record NCT07219966, RENEW-ALC-1(2026)A Phase 3, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Brenipatide Compared With Placebo for the Treatment of Adult Participants With Moderate-to-Severe Alcohol Use Disorder. Sponsor Eli Lilly, phase 3, recruiting, 1,100 estimated enrollment, subcutaneous administration with an escalating-dose arm whose levels are not listed. Primary outcome is change in drinking patterns measured by the Timeline Followback method up to 56 weeks. Estimated primary completion and study completion April 2028. Enrolls adults with moderate-to-severe alcohol use disorder who are seeking treatment and want to stop or cut down.
- Eli Lilly development pipeline(2026)Read for the full indication list, with data stated as of late October 2026. Confirms brenipatide in phase 3 for alcohol use disorder and major depressive disorder and in phase 2 for asthma, bipolar disorder, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, two forms of irritable bowel syndrome, opioid use disorder, schizophrenia and tobacco use disorder. No obesity program for this molecule above phase 1. Pipeline pages change, so this reflects the state on the date read.
Beyond these, 13 records are indexed. Browse the records